Engineered Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion Cells

Day by day, the energy demand is exceeding due to consumption increasing world population and fast-growing industrialization. As a result, biggest problems of 21st century are how it affects environment. The disquiet caused excessive reliance on fossil fuels as raw materials for production energy, such coal, oil, natural gas. Around 13 terawatts needed every day more than 6.5 billion people around world. However, scarcity currently used environmental deterioration corresponding fuel rectification processes have triggered compulsion produce renewable, non-polluting, eco-friendly generation conversion technologies. Suitable technologies storage will play vital role in addressing current challenges associated with clean, sustainable, transferable, benign, eco-friendly, nominal, ceaseless power supplies users. substitution could be clean energies, example, solar, hydroelectric, wind, geothermal, biogas, tidal energies. Generally, alternative renewable requires various complicated physical chemical surface interfaces cell components transporting electrons, positive holes, ions, molecules through entire system. harnessing new novel nanomaterials evolution nanocomposite multifunctional nanostructured materials, including metal, ceramic, polymer matrix, amalgamation. Various essential advantages using engineered nanomaterials, high area, unique physicochemical properties, mechanical strength, favorable transport crucial applications. Electrocatalysis-based devices widely studied get yield optimum performance services. structural engineering fabrication size, spatial array, hetero architecture, shape nanostructures, thereby producing well-defined nanomaterial, which high-performance system development innovations introduced nanotechnology material chemistry making key breakthroughs amplifying these devices' perceiving objective sustainable nanoparticles, nanorods, nanospheres, nanosheets, nanotubes, nanowires drawn attention many nanotechnologists because their attractive properties attributed significantly smaller size. applications zero (0-), one (1-), two (2-), three (3-) dimensional nanostructures construction cost-effective systems been reported works literature. This chapter focus basic characteristics idea cells well-built prominence connection between features resultant performances. In addition emphasizing cells, apparent advantages, disadvantages, limitations, addressed. Finally, outlook regarding prospective futures discussed.